Today we took the test, I got 100%    

1.  When did Luther nail the theses to the Church door? October 1517
2. What was the Papal Bull? The document that said Luther was excommunicated.
3. What did it mean when he was excommunicated? He would spend his afterlife in hell and go through hellish torture being an outcast.
4.  What was purgatory? Between Heaven and hell.
5. What was ascetic? Living a harsh, violent life with no luxuries

Last day of watching the movie, tomorrow we make our own questions for our test that is on Friday. 

He lived the rest of his life with protection 

At the diet of Worms he convinced Charles of his view. 

The pope excommunicated Luther

Leo X

Luther realized he had a new and powerful weapon on his side.

the printing press

His idea spread

Luther then had to get to the ppl with the power

Charles the 5 was A young 19 year old holy roman emperor

Frederic won Luther the chance to convince the people of his view a the diet in Worms

The farther north he went, the less support he got.

Luther started create his own sacraments

He first went to the sacraments

He said the remaining sacraments were the design of the church

This is where I start to disagree with Luther

 We kept watching the movie.

The pope Leo made an indulgence where u can get you sins forgiven for money

The church should have know right to "sell' for confession

In 1517

He wrote the 95 theses

It was a blistering attack on the church

Gutenberg invented printed press

Luther's 95 theses was printed

The church called Luther a heretic

Now there is a battle between the most powerful institution in the world and one monk

Luther never intended to go as far.

But the church was terrified

The 95 theses was popular

Today we went over the classes theses. it was a fun class

Five Theses

1. Money Management- they waste money to much. 
2. More Constant Wireless Internet- there have been times the internet has been off for a long time. the wireless is crucial to our learning experience. 
3. Central Air- in the summer it is very hot, and it is harder to pay attention when you are very uncomfortable. 
4. Attention to the Arts- this school is different then most others because it music department actually takes a big percentage of the students. the school should take advantage of that. 
5. Cafeteria Prices- the food should be less expensive.

Martin Luther , his Ninety-five theses, and the reformation.

Was born in Germany in 1483

It was a time of desolation and decease

There was one great constellation, the church.

He studied the Trivium - grammar, rhetoric, and logic.

Goes to university of Erfurt

After getting his degree, he enrolls in law school

He drops out immediately

He love Aristotle, he hated aristsotal.

he became a monk, because he said he would if he was saved.

Luther's home was not a happy home.

His parents abused him.

His parents were very critical, and had high expectations.

Which is why he had such high expectations.

It also made him want to rebel

1505 plague struck Erfurt

His friends were killed by it

He became monk to save himself.

His monastery is an extreme one.

he feels lk God expectations are unfillable

For five years, he labored without relief

Martin Luther

Martin Luther , his Ninety-five theses, and the reformation.
Was born in Germany in 1483
He studied the Trivium - grammar, rhetoric, and logic.
Goes to university of Erfurt
After getting his degree, he enrolls in law school
He drops out immediately
He love Aristotle, he hated aristsotal.
he became a monk, because he said he would if he was saved.

Test today!!!!!!, I Got A 89%,  only 1% away from a A.

Effects of the Crusades, Then and Now

• Byzantine Empire is weakened

• Pope's power declines

• Power of feudal nobles weakens

• Religious intolerance grows

• Italian cities expand trade

• Muslims increasingly distrust Christians

• Trade grows between Europe and the Middle East

• European technology improves as Crusaders learn from Muslims

• Far-reaching political, economic, and social impacts, lasting into the present day

• "High ideals were besmirched by cruelty and greed ... the Holy War was nothing more than a long act of intolerance in the name of God." - Sir Steven Runciman (1954)

• "It would be a sin for Muslims not to try to possess the weapons that would prevent the infidels from inflicting harm on Muslims." - Osama bin Laden (1998)

• An eye for an eye for an eye for an eye ends in making everybody blind."  - Gandhi

Crusades (almost) Entirely Supported 

Throughout Holy Roman Empire

These "soldiers of the Church" took vows to take back the Holy Land

The Pope promised those who died in the endeavor would receive immediate remission   for their sins

Roger Bacon warned 'em: "(Muslims) who survive, together with their children, are more and more embittered against the Christian faith."(...but few listened to him)

So, how did it go?  Who won?

1st Crusade (1095-1099): Christians take Jerusalem; Muslims take it back in 1144

2nd Crusade (1147-1149): Muslims keep Jerusalem, but Christians take Lisbon, Portugal 

3rd Crusade (1187-1192): Richard the Lionheart and Saladin work a deal: Muslims control Jerusalem, but Christians can worship there

4th Crusade (1202-1204): Crusaders get distracted and sack Constantinople, creating a huge rift between the eastern (Byzantine) Church and the western (Catholic) Church; then there's the Children's Crusade - a horrible idea, if it actually occurred

5th Crusade (1217-1221): Muslims beat Christians in Egypt 

6th Crusade (1228-1229): Christians take Jerusalem, let Muslims have Dome of the Rock; Muslims take it back in 1244 

7th Crusade (1248-1254): Muslims fight off Christians

8th Crusade (1270):  no resolution 

9th Crusade (1271-1272):  any remaining Franks in the Middle East are either massacred or enslaved 

It's the Age of Faith

The Holy Roman Empire is 

the strongest kingdom in Europe

The Church has considerable 

spiritual and political power

Over 500 massive Gothic cathedrals 

(Cities of God) are built throughout 

Europe between 1170 and 1270

Jerusalem

In the late eleventh century, Jerusalem was controlled by the Muslims

It was Islam's 3rd holiest City (after Mecca & Medina)

It's the Holy City to Jews

and ... it's a Holy City to Christians

The "Holy War"

Pope Urban II put out the call for Christians to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim Turks

Thus began 200 years of religiously sanctioned military campaigns, from 1095 to 1291

crusade means "taking of the cross" (crux)

Many Germanic kingdoms until they got united under charlamain.
Overrun the western half roman empire
Causing disruption of trade, downfall of cities, population shifts to rural areas.
There was a decline of learning.


The age of faith
The holy roman empire is the strongest kingdom in Europe.
The church has considerable spiritual and political power.
Over 500 massive Gothic cathedrals are built.


In the late eleventh century. Jerusalem is controlled by the Muslims
It was Islam's 3rd holiest City
It is also the Christians holist city.
1093 AD.
Emperor wrote letter to pope urban II:
It said , come help drive our the muslems from jerusilim.
And you will be rewarded in heven.


The pope put out the call for Christians to recapture Jerusalem and the holy land from Muslim Turks.
Thus began 200 years of religiously sanctioned military campaign, from 1095 to 1291
The "soldiers of the church: took vows to take back holy land.
Pope said that if they died, they would go right to heaven.
9 crusades that cover 200 years
Christians lost.
Religious intolerance grows.

Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne

Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the roman empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire.

Middle ages = medieval period

476-1453 AD

(from the end of roman empire to the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks)

Medieval Europe is fragmented.

A. Invasions trigger changes in western Europe

        a. Invasions and constant warfare spark new trends

               i. Disruption of trade

                      1) Europe's cities are no longer economic centers

                      2) Money is scarce

               ii. Downfall of cities

                      1) Cities are no longer centers of administration

               iii. Population shifts

                      1) Nobles retreat to the rural areas

                      2) Cities don’t have strong leadership.

       b. Decline of learning

                i. Germanic invaders are illiterate, but they communicate through oral tradition

               ii. Only priest and church officials could read and write.

              iii. Knowledge of Greek ( and literature, science, philosophy) is almost lost.

       c. Loss of a common language

               i. Dialects develop in different regions

              ii. By the 800s, there were French, Spanish, Latin, ETC.

B. Germanic Kingdom emerge

       a. The concept of government changes

               i. Roman society: loyal to public gov't

              ii. Germanic society: loyal to family

                     1) Germanic chief led warriors

                     2) During peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live (the lord's hall)

                     3) During wartime warriors fought for the lord

       b. The franks under Clovis

               i. Another battlefield conversion

               ii. Clovis and 3000 of his worriers are baptized by the bishop

               iii. The church and Clovis begin to work together.

C. Germanic people adopt Christianity

      a. 511 AD- Clovis unties Franks into one kingdom

      b. 600 AD - church + Frankish rulers convert many

      c. Fear of Muslims in southern Europe spur many to become Christian

      d. Monasteries and convents

                i. 520 AD - Benedict wrote the rules for monks and monasteries

                       1) Poverty, chastity, obedience, study

               ii. His sister scholastic did the same for nuns in convents

              iii. 731 Ad - the venerable Bede wrote a killer history of England

              iv. Monks opened schools, maintained libraries, and copied books (bibles, Greek text)

      e. Pope Gregory 1 expands papal power

                i. Papacy = pope's office

               ii. Secular power = worly power

               iii. So…. Under Gregory the great….. PaPal Power (Power of the PoPe ) is Political Power, 

                    Presented from the Pope's Palace

               iv. The church used church money to:

                       1) Raise armies

                       2) Repair roads

                       3) Help the poor

                          Gregory the great began to act as a mayor of Rome, and as head of an earthly kingdom (Christendom)